Elderly

Overview

Aging reduces stomach acid production and nutrient absorption efficiency, while calorie needs typically fall — so every calorie has to work harder nutritionally. Protein needs per kilogram of body weight are higher than for younger adults, to counter age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia), even as overall appetite often decreases.

Priority nutrients

• Vitamin D and Calcium — bone density protection; skin produces less vitamin D from sunlight with age.
• Vitamin B12 — a meaningful share of older adults absorb B12 poorly due to reduced stomach acid, independent of dietary intake.

Watch for

• Vitamin D deficiency and Vitamin B12 deficiency are both common in this group.
• Iron-deficiency anemia can occur but is more often driven by underlying conditions than diet alone at this age — worth flagging to a doctor rather than self-treating.
• Reduced thirst sensation raises dehydration risk; water-rich produce like Orange and Strawberry helps alongside plain water.

Citations

[1] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements — nutrient recommendations for older adults.